Matthew 5

The Sermon on the Mount

¹When Jesus saw the crowds, He went up on the mountain and sat down. His disciples came to Him, ²and He began to teach them, saying:

The Beatitudes// Psalm 1:1–6; Luke 6:20–23

³“Blessed are the poor in spirit,

for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

⁴Blessed are those who mourn,

for they will be comforted.

⁵Blessed are the meek,

for they will inherit the earth.

• MT 5:5[ALLUDES TO]Refers to ← PS 37:11

⁶Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,

for they will be filled.

⁷Blessed are the merciful,

for they will be shown mercy.

⁸Blessed are the pure in heart,

for they will see God.

• MT 5:8[HEART]Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.

⁹Blessed are the peacemakers,

for they will be called sons of God.

¹⁰Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,

for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

¹¹Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you, and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of Me. ¹²Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets before you.

Salt and Light// Mark 9:49–50; Luke 14:34–35; Philippians 2:12–18

¹³You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt loses its savor, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled by men.

¹⁴You are the light of the world. A city on a hill cannot be hidden. ¹⁵Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a basket. Instead, they set it on a stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house. ¹⁶In the same way, let your light shine before men, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven.

The Fulfillment of the Law

¹⁷Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I have not come to abolish them, but to fulfill them. ¹⁸For I tell you truly, until heaven and earth pass away, not a single jot, not a stroke of a pen, will disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.

• MT 5:17[NOTABLE]Jesus did not come to throw out the Old Testament. He came to complete it. This is the key verse of Matthew.
• MT 5:17[FULFILLS]Yahweh would magnify His law and make it glorious ← IS 42:21MEDIUM

¹⁹So then, whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do likewise will be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever practices and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. ²⁰For I tell you that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

• MT 5:19[NOTABLE]Jesus says some will be called least in the kingdom and some will be called great. Notice that the least are still in the kingdom. How you live and what you teach shapes your place in heaven. Paul says the same in 1 Corinthians 3:12 to 15, where a person's work is tested but the person is still saved.

Anger and Reconciliation// Luke 12:57–59

²¹You have heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘Do not murder’ and ‘Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ ²²But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,’ will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be subject to the fire of hell.

• MT 5:21[QUOTES]Direct ← EX 20:13; DT 5:17

²³So if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, ²⁴leave your gift there before the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother; then come and offer your gift.

²⁵Reconcile quickly with your adversary, while you are still on the way to court. Otherwise, he may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. ²⁶Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.

Adultery// Leviticus 18:1–30

²⁷You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery.’ ²⁸But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. ²⁹If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. ³⁰And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to depart into hell.

• MT 5:27[QUOTES]Direct ← EX 20:14; DT 5:18
• MT 5:28[HEART]Jesus says lust in the heart is already adultery. Sin starts inside before it shows outside.

Divorce// Deuteronomy 24:1–5; Luke 16:18

³¹It has also been said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’ ³²But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, brings adultery upon her. And he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.

• MT 5:31[QUOTES]Quotes ← DT 24:1

Oaths and Vows// Numbers 30:1–16

³³Again, you have heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘Do not break your oath, but fulfill your vows to the Lord.’ ³⁴But I tell you not to swear at all: either by heaven, for it is God’s throne; ³⁵or by the earth, for it is His footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. ³⁶Nor should you swear by your head, for you cannot make a single hair white or black. ³⁷Simply let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No,’ ‘No.’ Anything more comes from the evil one.

• MT 5:33[QUOTES]Quotes ← LEV 19:12; NUM 30:2

Love Your Enemies// Leviticus 24:17–23; Luke 6:27–36

³⁸You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye and tooth for tooth.’ ³⁹But I tell you not to resist an evil person. If someone slaps you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also; ⁴⁰if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well; ⁴¹and if someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. ⁴²Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.

• MT 5:38[QUOTES]Direct ← EX 21:24; LEV 24:20

⁴³You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor’ and ‘Hate your enemy.’ ⁴⁴But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, ⁴⁵that you may be sons of your Father in heaven. He causes His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. ⁴⁶If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Do not even tax collectors do the same? ⁴⁷And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even Gentiles do the same?

• MT 5:43[NOTABLE]Anybody can love their friends. Jesus raises the bar and tells us to love the people who hate us and to pray for them.
• MT 5:43[QUOTES]Direct ← LEV 19:18

⁴⁸Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.